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U.S. television stations owned by their own broadcast networks In the United States, (frequently abbreviated as O&O s) constitute just a portion of their parent tv networks' station bodies, due to ownership limitations enforced by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Presently, the total number of television stations owned by any business (consisting of a tv network) can only reach an optimum of 39% of all U.S.

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Circulation At the dawn of the American television market, each company was just enabled to own an overall of five television stations around the country. As such, when the networks introduced their television operations, they found it more useful to put their 5 owned-and-operated stations in large media markets that had more households (and for that reason, denser populations) on the belief that it would lead to greater revenue.

The five-station limitation postured an issue for the Du, Mont Tv Network, the very first attempt at a " 4th" television network. Paramount Pictures, which had owned KTLA (channel 5) in Los Angeles and WBKB (channel 4, now WBBM-TV on channel 2) in Chicago, owned a share of the network. Nevertheless, the FCC stated that Paramount managed Du, Mont and hence forbade the network and the studio from acquiring anymore stations.

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For much of the age from 1958 to 1986, the major network-owned stations were distributed as follows: ABC, CBS and NBC each owned stations in the leading 3 markets (New york city City, Los Angeles and Chicago). Between  SmartLiving  and 1965, fourth-ranked Philadelphia housed CBS-owned WCAU-TV (channel 10) and NBC-owned WRCV-TV (channel 3, now KYW-TV), a station which NBC had obtained 2 years previously through a trade with Westinghouse Broadcasting in return for NBC's tv and radio stations in Cleveland.

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Each network owned stations in other markets where the other networks did not: in addition to Cleveland, these were ABC's KGO-TV (channel 7) in San Francisco and WXYZ-TV (channel 7) in Detroit, NBC's WRC-TV (channel 4) in Washington, D.C., and CBS' KMOX-TV (channel 4, now KMOV) in St. Louis. As a result of a modification to the FCC's media ownership guidelines in 1999, a business can now own any number of tv stations with a combined market reach of less than 39% of the country, however can not own two of the 4 highest-rated stations in any market.